Infectious Disease Resources
To help you with research and a good understanding of Infectious Disease, here are two “tools” you can use to create an Infectious Disease toolkit or include in a reference folder/binder.
10 Things We've Learned About COVID-19 So Far
Richard Fogel, MD, Chief Clinical Officer, Clinical & Network Services, Ascension - October 15, 2020
Over the past seven months, COVID-19 has impacted nearly every aspect of our lives. As we continue to find safe and creative ways to navigate our new reality with this virus, it's worthwhile to reflect on what we've learned along the way. Here are 10 observations about COVID-19 that immediately come to mind:
1. The virus doesn't care who you are. A virus is a piece of genetic material (in this case RNA) surrounded by a protein capsule. If you breathe in enough particles of the virus, you're going to get COVID-19. It's that simple. Anyone can get it.
2. Testing isn't 100 percent. Medical testing isn't perfect and can sometimes lead to a false sense of security. There are false negatives (you have COVID but test negative) and false positives (you don't have COVID but test positive). In general, rapid tests have higher false negative rates. If you think someone might have COVID and a rapid test is negative, testing should be repeated with a more sensitive test.
3. Respiratory spread is the most common way for COVID to be transmitted. The virus is spread through the air. An infected person breathes it out; you breath it in. The closer you are to someone who is infected (whether or not they have symptoms), the more likely you are to become infected. The better the ventilation and airflow around you, the less likely you are to become infected. Close proximity indoors means higher risk; being socially distanced outdoors lowers the risk.
4. Masks work. Because the virus is predominantly spread through the air, masks can help to both protect you from inhaling the virus and also protect other people if you have the virus. Some masks are better than others. Properly fitted N95 masks offer optimal protection and have the best filtration. Surgical facemasks or medical ear-loop masks are also very good, but don't offer the same protection as an N95 mask. Cloth masks are not as good as medical masks, but still offer some protection. On another note, unless you wear the mask over your nose and mouth, it probably doesn't help very much. As always, be certain to practice good hand washing habits and stay home if you are sick.
5. COVID-19 has many symptoms: some typical, some atypical. Most patients with COVID present with either a fever, cough or shortness of breath. However, many also have other symptoms including headache, fatigue, gastrointestinal complaints, rashes and more. In children, there can be an inflammatory syndrome that resembles Kawasaki disease. It's important to be alert for these other symptoms. Too often the diagnosis of COVID has been delayed because the symptoms weren't typical. Of importance, the sudden loss of taste or smell in an otherwise healthy person is very concerning for the diagnosis of COVID.
6. Some people have symptoms for many months after infection. We call these cases "long haulers" and the cause is not completely understood. Most commonly, these individuals get over their acute symptoms but are left with disabling fatigue, marked exercise intolerance, and often a sense of heart racing with minimal activity. Some researchers think that the virus causes inflammation in the part of the nervous system that controls heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. Patients with such cases seem to be increasing in number and will likely further grow as the pandemic continues. It's important to note that despite the presence of these "long haul" symptoms, people like this are not infectious.
7. We've made a lot of progress on therapies. It's hard to believe, but we've only known about COVID-19 for several months. However, in that short time medical researchers have identified treatments that work to limit the disease or shorten its duration (remdesivir, dexamethasone), treatments that probably work (monoclonal antibodies) and treatments that likely show minimal or no benefit (hydroxychloroquine). Medical researchers have a lot of experience conducting studies to determine which treatments are most likely to be beneficial. Listen to the scientists who are doing good peer-reviewed research. Be wary of those who promote cures without good science supporting them.
8. The mortality rate from COVID-19 in October is a lot lower than it was in March and April. We've learned a lot about this disease over the past several months. In addition to the therapies described above, we've also learned a great deal about the critical care of patients with COVID-19. We've learned how to best use oxygen, how to best position patients for maximal ventilation ("proning"), when and how to use mechanical ventilators. We've begun to understand how the virus affects the heart and other organs. We've found that the virus increases blood clotting and are doing research to understand when and how to use blood thinners. In the Ascension system alone, which serves 4 million unique lives annually, we've seen a 50% reduction in hospital mortality over the past six months – remarkable progress in such a short period of time.
9. COVID-19 isn't going away any time soon. The pandemic will end when we have "herd immunity" to the virus. This will happen when either enough people have become infected and develop immunity, or when enough people are treated with an effective and safe vaccine. Unfortunately, it looks like that according to our best information only 10% of the population has reportedly had the virus to date and is immune for an undetermined amount of time. We've got many more months to go.
10. We still have a lot to learn. The good news is we're learning more all the time.
This article was in Becker's Hospital Review at: https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/public-health/10-things-we-ve-learned-about-covid-19-so-far.html
Drug Take Back Day - October 24, 2020
Even with all the disruption caused by the pandemic, it is still important to clean out unneeded and expired medications from medicine cabinets. They can cause clutter and confusion for the resident and can be removed by those who would abuse them. The Drug Enforcement Administration is sponsoring a Drug Take Back Day on October 24, 2020. To find more information and a location near you, go to https://takebackday.dea.gov/.
MAY IS MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS MONTH
In light of the impact of the pandemic on our daily lives, here are some excerpts from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, "COVID-19: Resilient Wisconsin – Healthy Coping". (PDF)
SPRING 2020 HEALTH EDUCATION MATERIALS
Below are the slide show presentation and report that would have gone into the spring district meeting folders:
HEALTH TOPIC FOR 2020
Partners of WHA strives for education and understanding of current health issues affecting our hospitals and community populations. Health education topics provide opportunities for members to share information and initiate related programs in their organizations.
The Community Health Education topic for 2019-2020 is “Not All Wounds Are Visible – A Journey For Mental Health”. In 2019, emphasis was on understanding what mental health means to each of us, how it is affecting different age groups, and the stigma that mental illness holds for many.
This topic continues for 2020, with information on anxiety, depression, and the crisis of suicide rates.
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Here is the mental health presentation from 2019 Spring Tour.
INFORMATION ON OPIOID ISSUE
In 2018 our focus was Drugs End Dreams, recognizing that the state’s opioid epidemic is a public health crisis. The following documents provide some information on the opioid issue.